二、 冠词

(一) 知识概要

冠词在英语中只有3个词，分为两类：不定冠词a与an，定冠词the。 a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前，an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物，可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。

(二) 正误辨析

［误］This building is an university.

［正］This building is a university.

［析］a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前，而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的个音素是［j］，所以 用a而不要用an。又如：There is a “n” in the word.是错句，应为：There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的发音的个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其个字母h不发音，所以应该用an hour。例如：

I need an hour to finish the work.

It is a useful dictionary.

It is a European country.

I bought a used car.

［误］I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.

［正］I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.

［析］因umbrella的个音素是元音，所以应用an.常用的情况有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…。

［误］“Can you help me” “Sorry, I'm in hurry.”

［正］“Can you help me” “Sorry. I'm in a hurry.”

［析］不定冠词的主要用法如下：

1. 用来表示一类人或事物，如：She is a teacher.

2. 指某一类人或事物中的一个，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.

3. 泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate.

4. 相当于“one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.

5. 其主要的难点是用在固定词组中：

如：have a walk/a rest /a look

又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙

make a face 作鬼脸

do somebody a favour 帮某人忙

a number of =many

又如：have a good time (玩得好)

have a cold (感冒)

have a headache (头痛)

have a break=have a rest

［误］I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.

［正］I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.

［析］在文章中次提到某物时用不定冠词，而第二次提到时用定冠词。

［误］Please turn off lights before you leave.

［正］Please turn off the lights before you leave.

［析］虽然是次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指，也应用定冠词。

［误］There are nine planets around a sun.

［正］There are nine planets around the sun.

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